Abstract: This report sheds light on the key challenges that the asexual community faces in Asia, particularly focusing on issues of invisibility, stigma, discrimination, violence, and lack of support. Despite being a part of the broader queer movement, asexuality often remains overlooked, with a limited acknowledgment of asexual hate crimes. This report emphasizes the unique challenges asexual individuals’ encounter, especially in countries like Bangladesh, where factors such as forced marriages, corrective rape, conversion therapy, and legal barriers exacerbate their struggles. The report concludes by highlighting the need for increased awareness, advocacy, and funding to support the asexual community in Asia. Introduction: The asexual community, or A-Spec, is a marginalized group within the broader queer movement. Despite growing acceptance and recognition of various sexual orientations, asexuality often remains sidelined in discussions and initiatives related to LGBTQ+ rights. This report aims to shed light on the key challenges faced by the asexual community in Asia, focusing on issues of invisibility, stigma, discrimination, violence, and lack of support. Challenges: Invisibility and Stigma: A major challenge for the asexual community in Asia is the lack of visibility and understanding. Asexuality, defined by a lack of sexual attraction, is frequently misunderstood or dismissed as a phase or a form of repression. This lack of recognition leads to feelings of isolation and erasure, contributing to the overall stigma faced by asexual individuals. Discrimination and Violence: Asexual individuals in Asia often face discrimination, both within the larger queer community and in society at large. Asexual hate crimes are rarely acknowledged or addressed, perpetuating an environment where violence against asexual individuals can go unchecked. Asexual teenagers and young adults may come out to confront sex shaming, which can result in verbal and emotional abuse. Forced Marriages and Corrective Rape: A unique challenge faced by asexual women in certain Asian countries is forced marriage. Many women, especially in low-income families, are financially dependent on their fathers or husbands. Pressure to arrange marriages often leads to a lack of agency in choosing their partners, and some asexual women run away to escape this pressure. Corrective rape, intended to “cure” asexual individuals through sexual assault, disproportionately affects asexual women, perpetuating gender-based violence and victimization. Conversion Therapy: A deeply concerning challenge is the practice of conversion therapy. Asexual individuals are often treated as having a sexual dysfunction that requires “conversion” to a normative sexual orientation. This treatment involves acts of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse, leading to lasting psychological and physical damage. The normalization of such harmful therapies further perpetuates the stigma and misunderstanding surrounding asexuality. Case Study: Dipa Mahbuba Yasmin in Bangladesh: Dipa Mahbuba Yasmin’s experience highlights the challenges faced by asexual individuals in Bangladesh. Her encounters with doctors attempting to treat her orientation as a disorder demonstrate the lack of mental health support and understanding for asexuality. Yasmin’s reliance on online therapy from India underscores the scarcity of resources available for asexual individuals in Bangladesh. Legal and Cultural Barriers: In certain Asian countries, including those with Muslim Sharia law, forced marriages and marital rape remain legal. Asexual women, constrained by these laws, often find themselves trapped in unhappy and abusive marriages. The limited legal avenues for seeking divorce further exacerbate their struggles. Lack of Support and Funding: While asexual activism is growing globally, the asexual community in Asia still faces significant challenges in terms of funding and support. Compared to other LGBTQ+ issues, asexuality remains underfunded and less acknowledged by both local and international organizations. Conclusion: The asexual community in Asia confronts numerous challenges, ranging from invisibility and stigma to violence and legal barriers. Forced marriages, corrective rape, conversion therapy, and cultural norms perpetuate these issues, particularly affecting asexual women. The lack of awareness, support, and funding further compounds these challenges. To address these issues, there is a need for increased advocacy, education, and financial resources dedicated to supporting the asexual community’s rights and well-being in Asia. Recognizing asexuality as a valid sexual orientation and acknowledging the unique struggles it presents is essential to fostering a more inclusive and equitable society for all. Celebrating Hope and Unity: Empowering the Asexual Community in the Asian Region In the vibrant tapestry of the LGBTQ+ community in Asia, the asexual community stands as a powerful testament to the diversity of human experience and identity. From raising awareness about asexual hate crimes to fostering meaningful connections and providing visibility to asexual activism, the Asian Network of Asexual and Queer Activism (ANOAQA) is paving the way for a more inclusive and empowered future. A Voice against Asexual Hate Crimes In many parts of Asia, asexual hate crimes often go unreported and unnoticed in mainstream media. ANOAQA has taken a courageous stance to address this issue head-on by disseminating information about such incidents. By raising awareness about these issues, ANOAQA is not only giving a voice to victims but also sparking vital conversations that challenge discrimination and promote understanding. Together, we can work to stop asexual hate crimes and create safer communities for all. Fostering Connections and Personal Growth ANOAQA has become a beacon of hope for Asian asexual individuals, providing them with a platform to engage and connect with each other. Through this network, asexual individuals can share their experiences, find support, and nurture meaningful relationships. The platform also offers opportunities for personal development, empowering individuals to learn, grow, and flourish in an environment that celebrates their uniqueness. Visibility and Recognition of Asexual Activism Asexual activism often remains overlooked within the larger LGBTQ+ community. ANOAQA is changing that narrative by shining a spotlight on asexual activists’ important contributions. By recognizing the efforts of asexual activists, we reinforce the idea that every voice within the LGBTQ+ spectrum matters and is integral to creating a more inclusive world. Empowering Emerging Asexual Activists The future of the LGBTQ+ movement relies on the leadership of emerging activists. ANOAQA is committed to nurturing young asexual activists, providing them with the tools, guidance, and mentorship they need to take their place as leaders within the contemporary queer landscape. By
Introduction “Corrective” rape is a term that has gained significant global attention in recent years due to its disturbing nature and the harm it inflicts upon individuals. It refers to the horrific act of raping someone with the intention of changing their sexual orientation or gender identity. While this form of violence is predominantly associated with the LGBTQ+ community, a lesser-known aspect is that asexual individuals can also fall victim to this heinous crime. This article explores the unique forms of “corrective” rape experienced by asexual victims, the dynamics of partner-involved rape in these cases, the prevalence of such incidents, and the broader context of sexual assault within intimate relationships. Understanding “Corrective” Rape and Asexuality “Corrective” is a heinous crime in which individuals are sexually assaulted, often with the intent to “correct” their sexual orientation or gender identity. Asexuality, an intrinsic aspect of one’s sexual orientation characterized by a lack of sexual attraction or interest, is sometimes misunderstood or even dismissed by society. This lack of awareness can make asexual individuals more vulnerable to sexual violence, as they may encounter disbelief or invalidation of their experiences. Is It Rape? The Asexual Experience In many cases, the perpetrators of “corrective” rape against asexual victims are their own spouses or intimate partners. The dynamics of partner-involved rape in these situations can be complex. The answer lies not only in the legal definitions of rape but also in recognizing the gross violation of autonomy and consent that underlie such actions. The prevalence of this form of abuse remains largely undocumented due to factors such as victim silence, stigma, and a lack of awareness surrounding asexuality itself. Breaking the Myths: Marital/Partner Rape in Non-Violent Relationships Marital or partner rape is not exclusive to violent relationships. Many instances of intimate partner sexual assault occur within seemingly non-violent relationships. The absence of physical violence does not negate the violation of consent. Asexual victims in non-violent relationships may still be coerced, manipulated, or guilt-tripped into sexual activities against their will, which can have profound psychological and emotional impacts. Forms of Corrective Rape Unique to Asexual Victims Asexual individuals who find themselves in intimate relationships can face specific forms of corrective rape that are distinct from those experienced by other sexual orientations. These forms include: The Scope of the Issue Contrary to common misconceptions, asexual individuals can find themselves in both violent and non-violent relationships where they are subjected to sexual assault. Marital or partner rape is not exclusive to physically violent relationships; rather, it’s rooted in a power dynamic that allows one partner to violate the other’s autonomy. The frequency of sexual assault among asexual victims is still being explored, and much of the available research is anecdotal, highlighting the need for comprehensive studies that can reveal the true extent of this issue. The Disturbing Reality: Type and Frequency Preliminary research suggests that asexual victims of sexual assault experience episodes of rape that parallel the experiences of other survivors of intimate partner violence. These episodes may include vaginal, oral, and anal penetration, with forced vaginal intercourse being the most commonly reported form of assault. It’s alarming to note that a significant percentage of victims experience repeated episodes of sexual assault, indicating that this abuse is not limited to isolated incidents. Health Consequences Asexual victims of “corrective” rape face a range of physical and psychological health consequences. This includes not only the immediate physical trauma of the sexual assault itself but also long-term health problems such as vaginal and rectal bleeding, sexually transmitted infections, and pelvic inflammatory disease. The psychological toll is equally profound, with victims at an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, and suicidal tendencies. Research Recommendations and Conclusion To address the unique forms of “corrective” rape targeting asexual victims, comprehensive research is essential. Justice, health, and social service professionals must be educated about the specific experiences of asexual victims, understanding the nuances of asexuality and the grave consequences of this form of abuse. Assessing for sexual assault, providing appropriate referrals for treatment, and offering safety planning information are crucial steps in supporting asexual survivors on their path to healing. As societies continue to evolve, it’s imperative that we recognize and address the diverse forms of abuse that individuals can endure. By shedding light on the unique aspects of “corrective” rape targeting asexual victims, we pave the way for informed interventions, policy changes, and societal awareness that can help eradicate this disturbing phenomenon. It is high time that we stand united against all forms of intimate partner violence and sexual assault, ensuring a safer and more inclusive world for everyone. Conclusion: Corrective rape targeting asexual individuals is a disturbing reality that demands immediate attention from society, policymakers, and researchers. Efforts to raise awareness, provide support, and conduct in-depth research are essential to addressing this unique form of violence and ensuring justice for the victims. By acknowledging the experiences of asexual individuals and working towards their safety and well-being, we can strive for a more inclusive and compassionate society.
Introduction to Asexual Identity and Its Significance Asexual identity, characterized by the lack of sexual attraction towards others, is an important aspect of human diversity. While sexual orientation and gender identity have gained significant attention and acceptance in recent years, asexual individuals continue to face significant challenges, particularly teenagers in Asia. This article aims to shed light on the rising trend of asexual hate crimes targeting teenagers in Asia and the need for increased awareness and support for this marginalized community. Understanding the Root Causes of ‘A’ Phobia Asexual adolescents sometimes face discriminatory or dismissive attitudes or behaviors both within and beyond the LGBTQ+ community. Disbelieving attitudes towards asexuality can leave asexual teenagers afraid to come out. Behaviors and attitudes that are considered discriminatory include the idea that asexuality is a mental illness, that asexuality is a phase or a choice, the idea that asexual people cannot feel love, and those that make asexual people feel dehumanized. To comprehend the underlying causes of asexual hate crimes targeting teenagers in Asia, it is crucial to examine the prevailing societal norms and cultural expectations. In many Asian societies, there is a strong emphasis on traditional gender roles and expectations of marriage and procreation. Asexual individuals, who do not conform to these norms, are often shamed and considered abnormal. This stigmatization arises from a lack of understanding and awareness about asexuality, perpetuating harmful stereotypes and discrimination. Higher Rates of Depression and Anxiety There has been a lack of research on asexuality, despite growing calls from within the asexual community for increased visibility and awareness. Even less is known about asexual youth. Using data from The Trevor Project’s 2020 National Survey on LGBTQ Youth Mental Health, this brief explores sexual orientation, gender identity, and mental health indicators among asexual youth. In our sample of over 40,000 LGBTQ youth, 10% identified as asexual or ace spectrum. When given additional options to describe their sexual orientation, asexual youth further selected demi sexual (15%), polyamorous (9%), and greysexual (9%). And consistent with previous research, many asexual youth also selected romantic attraction labels such as pan romantic (20%), biromantic (17%), and aromantic (13%). Asexual youth reported higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to the overall LGBTQ sample. Asexual LGBTQ youth reported slightly greater rates of symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (aOR = 1.12, p<.001) and major depressive disorder (aOR = 1.19, p<.001) in the past two weeks compared to LGBTQ youth who did not identify as asexual. Rates of attempted suicide in the past year were slightly lower for asexual youth (aOR = .82, p<.001). A larger proportion of asexual youth were transgender or nonbinary compared to the overall sample of LGBTQ youth. Overall, 25% of the LGBTQ youth in our sample were transgender or nonbinary, and 9% were questioning if they were. This compares to 41% of asexual youth who were transgender or nonbinary, and 13% who were questioning if they were transgender or nonbinary. Within these broader categories, 3% of cisgender men, 9% of cisgender women, 6% of transgender women, 13% of transgender men, 20% of nonbinary youth, and 15% of youth who were questioning their gender identified as asexual. The Impact of Shaming Teenagers for Not Having Sexual Attraction Shaming teenagers for not having sexual attraction can have severe consequences on their mental health and overall well-being. Adolescence is a critical period of self-discovery and identity formation, and teenagers who identify as asexual may already grapple with feelings of confusion and isolation. The added burden of societal shaming further exacerbates their struggles, leading to increased rates of depression, anxiety, and even suicide attempts among asexual teenagers in Asia. The Rising Trend of ‘A’ Phobia Targeting Teenagers in Asia In recent years, Asia has witnessed an alarming surge in ‘A’ Phobia & hate crimes targeting asexual teenagers. These hate crimes manifest in various forms, such as verbal abuse, physical assaults, and online harassment. Asexual teenagers often find themselves ostracized, stigmatized, and marginalized due to their lack of sexual attraction. This discrimination not only affects their mental and emotional well-being but also poses serious threats to their physical safety. Forced Marriage and the Violation of Asexual Rights One of the distressing outcomes of societal pressure is the prevalence of forced marriages among asexual teen age girls in South Asia. Asexual individuals often face immense familial and societal pressures to conform to societal expectations of marriage and procreation. Forced marriages not only violate their autonomy and agency but also subject them to a lifetime of emotional and physical trauma. Such marriages often lack the necessary consent and understanding, further exacerbating the marginalization experienced by asexual individuals. Intimate Partner Rape and the Lack of Consent in Allow-Ace Relationships Within asexual relationships, the lack of sexual attraction can create a power dynamic that leaves asexual individuals vulnerable to sexual coercion and intimate partner/spousal rape. Asexual individuals may find it challenging to establish boundaries and communicate their lack of desire for sexual intimacy, leading to violations of their bodily autonomy. The lack of understanding and awareness about asexual relationships contributes to the normalization of non-consensual sexual acts within these unions, perpetuating harm and further marginalizing asexual individuals. Breakup Rates among Asexual Individuals and Its Consequences for Asexual Individuals The pressure to conform to societal expectations of allo-ace relationships takes a toll on asexual individuals, often resulting in high divorce/breakup rates. Asexual individuals who enter into marriages under societal pressure may struggle to maintain relationships that lack the fundamental element of sexual attraction. The strain caused by this disconnect can lead to emotional and psychological distress, ultimately culminating in the dissolution of marriages. The stigma and judgment associated with divorce further contribute to the marginalization of asexual individuals within society. Addressing the Low Awareness and Limited Support for Asexual Individuals One of the key issues faced by asexual teenagers in Asia is the lack of awareness and support within their communities. Educational institutions, healthcare providers, and policymakers must prioritize the inclusion of asexual experiences in their curricula, training, and policies. By